diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b1fea85..20948fd 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -96,41 +96,41 @@ const data = ref<WaveformData>({
 
 ### Props
 
-| Prop                              | 类型                                        | 默认值                                                  | 说明                              |
-| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- |
-| `data`                            | `WaveformData`                              | 必填                                                    | 波形数据                          |
-| `displayMode`                     | `'independent' \| 'separated' \| 'compact'` | `'independent'`                                         | 图框布局                          |
-| `overlayMode`                     | `'single-axis' \| 'multi-axis'`             | `'single-axis'`                                         | 叠加曲线的 Y 轴模式               |
-| `timeUnit`                        | `'s' \| 'ms'`                               | `'ms'`                                                  | 坐标轴和 tooltip 展示单位         |
-| `xLabel` / `yLabel`               | `string`                                    | `时间（timeUnit）` / `'幅值'`                           | 坐标轴名称                        |
-| `lineColor`                       | `string`                                    | `'#0960bd'`                                             | 单波形默认颜色                    |
-| `width` / `height`                | `number`                                    | 自适应                                                  | 组件总尺寸，单位为 CSS 像素       |
-| `zoomable` / `showTooltip`        | `boolean`                                   | `true` / `true`                                         | 缩放和数值 tooltip 开关           |
-| `pannable`                        | `boolean`                                   | `false`                                                 | 空格拖拽平移开关                  |
-| `minZoomSpan`                     | `number`                                    | 未设置                                                  | 最小缩放跨度，使用原始 X 数据单位 |
-| `minVisiblePoints`                | `number`                                    | `0`                                                     | 缩放后至少保留的不同 X 坐标数     |
-| `initialXDomain`                  | `[number, number]`                          | 未设置                                                  | 所有图框的初始 X 范围             |
-| `initialXDomains`                 | `Record<string, [number, number]>`          | 未设置                                                  | 按 track/series ID 配置初始范围   |
-| `yDomain`                         | `[number, number]`                          | 未设置                                                  | 所有波形的固定 Y 轴范围           |
-| `yDomains`                        | `Record<string, [number, number]>`          | 未设置                                                  | 按 track/series ID 配置固定范围   |
-| `grid`                            | `WaveformGridOptions`                       | `{ rowCount: 2, columnCount: 1, showPagination: true }` | 网格和分页                        |
-| `axes`                            | `WaveformAxesOptions`                       | 轴线均显示                                              | X/Y 轴基线显隐                    |
-| `rendering`                       | `WaveformRenderingOptions`                  | `{}`                                                    | 降采样与点/误差棒间距             |
-| `title` / `legend` / `frameStyle` | 对应公开类型                                | 未设置                                                  | 标题、图例和图框样式              |
-| `frameNumber`                     | `string \| number`                          | 未设置                                                  | 图框水印内容                      |
-| `zeroLine`                        | `WaveformZeroLineOptions`                   | `{ visible: false }`                                    | 零值参考线显隐与样式              |
-| `cleanView`                       | `boolean`                                   | `false`                                                 | 保留波形、图框和刻度的净图模式    |
-| `presentationMode`                | `boolean`                                   | `false`                                                 | 禁用绘图区交互的展示模式          |
-| `annotations`                     | `WaveformAnnotation[]`                      | `[]`                                                    | 受控标注数据                      |
-| `annotationsVisible`              | `boolean`                                   | `true`                                                  | 标注图层显隐                      |
-| `interactionMode`                 | `'zoom' \| 'annotation'`                    | `'zoom'`                                                | 左键交互模式                      |
-| `hiddenSeriesIds`                 | `string[]`                                  | 未设置                                                  | 受控隐藏系列 ID                   |
-| `defaultHiddenSeriesIds`          | `string[]`                                  | `[]`                                                    | 非受控模式的初始隐藏系列          |
+| Prop                              | 类型                                        | 默认值                                                  | 说明                               |
+| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| `data`                            | `WaveformData`                              | 必填                                                    | 波形数据                           |
+| `displayMode`                     | `'independent' \| 'separated' \| 'compact'` | `'independent'`                                         | 图框布局                           |
+| `overlayMode`                     | `'single-axis' \| 'multi-axis'`             | `'single-axis'`                                         | 叠加曲线的 Y 轴模式                |
+| `timeUnit`                        | `'s' \| 'ms'`                               | `'ms'`                                                  | 坐标轴和 tooltip 展示单位          |
+| `xLabel` / `yLabel`               | `string`                                    | `时间（timeUnit）` / `'幅值'`                           | 坐标轴名称                         |
+| `lineColor`                       | `string`                                    | `'#0960bd'`                                             | 单波形默认颜色                     |
+| `width` / `height`                | `number`                                    | 自适应                                                  | 组件总尺寸，单位为 CSS 像素        |
+| `zoomable` / `showTooltip`        | `boolean`                                   | `true` / `true`                                         | 缩放和数值 tooltip 开关            |
+| `pannable`                        | `boolean`                                   | `false`                                                 | 空格拖拽平移开关                   |
+| `minZoomSpan`                     | `number`                                    | 未设置                                                  | 最小缩放跨度，使用原始 X 数据单位  |
+| `minVisiblePoints`                | `number`                                    | `0`                                                     | 缩放后至少保留的不同 X 坐标数      |
+| `initialXDomain`                  | `[number, number]`                          | 未设置                                                  | 所有图框的初始 X 范围              |
+| `initialXDomains`                 | `Record<string, [number, number]>`          | 未设置                                                  | 按 track/series ID 配置初始范围    |
+| `yDomain`                         | `[number, number]`                          | 未设置                                                  | 所有波形的固定 Y 轴范围            |
+| `yDomains`                        | `Record<string, [number, number]>`          | 未设置                                                  | 按 track/series ID 配置固定范围    |
+| `grid`                            | `WaveformGridOptions`                       | `{ rowCount: 2, columnCount: 1, showPagination: true }` | 网格和分页                         |
+| `axes`                            | `WaveformAxesOptions`                       | 轴线均显示                                              | X/Y 轴基线显隐与 X 轴 label 格式化 |
+| `rendering`                       | `WaveformRenderingOptions`                  | `{}`                                                    | 降采样与点/误差棒间距              |
+| `title` / `legend` / `frameStyle` | 对应公开类型                                | 未设置                                                  | 标题、图例和图框样式               |
+| `frameNumber`                     | `string \| number`                          | 未设置                                                  | 图框水印内容                       |
+| `zeroLine`                        | `WaveformZeroLineOptions`                   | `{ visible: false }`                                    | 零值参考线显隐与样式               |
+| `cleanView`                       | `boolean`                                   | `false`                                                 | 保留波形、图框和刻度的净图模式     |
+| `presentationMode`                | `boolean`                                   | `false`                                                 | 禁用绘图区交互的展示模式           |
+| `annotations`                     | `WaveformAnnotation[]`                      | `[]`                                                    | 受控标注数据                       |
+| `annotationsVisible`              | `boolean`                                   | `true`                                                  | 标注图层显隐                       |
+| `interactionMode`                 | `'zoom' \| 'annotation'`                    | `'zoom'`                                                | 左键交互模式                       |
+| `hiddenSeriesIds`                 | `string[]`                                  | 未设置                                                  | 受控隐藏系列 ID                    |
+| `defaultHiddenSeriesIds`          | `string[]`                                  | `[]`                                                    | 非受控模式的初始隐藏系列           |
 
 所有公开类型均可从包入口导入，例如 `WaveformData`、`WaveformSeries`、
 `WaveformAnnotation`、`WaveformLineStyle`、`WaveformRenderingOptions`、
-`WaveformAxesOptions`、`WaveformZeroLineOptions`、`WaveformGridOptions` 和
-`WaveformGridTrackLines`。
+`WaveformAxesOptions`、`WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter`、`WaveformZeroLineOptions`、
+`WaveformGridOptions` 和 `WaveformGridTrackLines`。
 
 ### 数据结构
 
@@ -508,6 +508,30 @@ scale 定位零线：
 />
 ```
 
+X 轴刻度和左右端点默认先按 `timeUnit` 转换为秒或毫秒，再显示为无千分位、无科学计数法的
+完整普通十进制值，不会四舍五入为整数。可通过 `axes.x.labelFormatter` 对显示值做运算和格式化：
+
+```vue
+<WaveformChart
+  :data="chartData"
+  :axes="{
+    x: {
+      labelFormatter: (value, context) =>
+        `${context.kind === 'tick' ? '' : '[' + context.kind + '] '}${(value / 1000).toFixed(3)}`,
+    },
+  }"
+/>
+```
+
+formatter 首参是已按 `timeUnit` 换算的数值；上下文包含 `kind`（`tick`、`start` 或 `end`）、
+原始 `rawValue`、`timeUnit`、原始可视域 `domain` 和换算后的 `displayDomain`。formatter 只决定
+label 文本，不改变刻度位置、源数据、缩放域或事件中的原始 X 坐标。
+
+Demo 左侧“网格与轴线”支持直接切换数值或固定时间格式。数值模式可设置运算倍率和小数位数；
+固定时间模式输出 `YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss[.SSS]`，可选择中国标准时间、本地时区或 UTC，并控制
+是否显示毫秒。时间戳数据仍按组件的秒坐标契约传入，使用默认毫秒显示单位时 formatter 会收到
+可直接传给 `Date` 的毫秒时间戳。
+
 `interactionMode` 可选 `zoom` 或 `annotation`，默认使用缩放模式。右键绘图区可直接打开
 标注编辑器，无需切换交互模式。`zoomable`、`pannable` 和 `showTooltip` 可分别控制缩放、
 空格拖拽平移和 tooltip；平移默认关闭。
@@ -603,7 +627,7 @@ async function importAnnotationFile(file: File) {
 字段无效时会抛出 `TypeError`，不会返回部分结果。导入包含未知 `seriesId` 的标注是允许的，
 对应曲线加载后会恢复显示。文件选择、错误提示和下载由业务层实现。
 
-X 轴刻度和左右端点先按 `timeUnit` 转换为秒或毫秒，再四舍五入为不带分组符的普通整数，不使用科学计数法。Y 轴会根据完整显示域选择格式：最大绝对值在 `[0.01, 100)` 时显示两位普通小数；大于等于 `100`，或大于 `0` 且小于 `0.01` 时，刻度显示两位缩放值，并在轴末端单独显示共享倍率 `E±NN`，多 Y 轴分别计算倍率。tooltip 使用最多 4 位小数的本地化普通数字并省略无意义尾零；标注编辑器的 X 坐标跟随 `timeUnit` 并固定 3 位小数，Y 坐标显示完整普通十进制。所有格式化都只发生在展示层，内部坐标值保持原始精度。
+X 轴刻度和左右端点先按 `timeUnit` 转换为秒或毫秒，再显示为不带分组符和科学计数法的完整普通十进制值，并可通过 `axes.x.labelFormatter` 自定义。Y 轴会根据完整显示域选择格式：最大绝对值在 `[0.01, 100)` 时显示两位普通小数；大于等于 `100`，或大于 `0` 且小于 `0.01` 时，刻度显示两位缩放值，并在轴末端单独显示共享倍率 `E±NN`，多 Y 轴分别计算倍率。tooltip 使用最多 4 位小数的本地化普通数字并省略无意义尾零；标注编辑器的 X 坐标跟随 `timeUnit` 并固定 3 位小数，Y 坐标显示完整普通十进制。所有格式化都只发生在展示层，内部坐标值保持原始精度。
 标注框默认布局在采样点正上方，只做绘图区边界裁剪；文本框通过连接箭头指向标注位置，多个标注重叠时可通过拖动手动避让。
 
 ## 事件
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index a57c415..5bfe668 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "waveform-analysis",
-  "version": "0.1.28",
+  "version": "0.1.29",
   "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
   "module": "./dist/index.js",
   "types": "./dist/types/index.d.ts",
diff --git a/src/App.vue b/src/App.vue
index 735f938..ec27c22 100644
--- a/src/App.vue
+++ b/src/App.vue
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { createSimulatedWaveformData } from './data/simulatedWaveforms'
 import DemoChartHost from './demo/DemoChartHost.vue'
 import DemoControlPanel from './demo/DemoControlPanel.vue'
 import type { DemoChartModel, DemoControlPanelModel } from './demo/types'
+import { useDemoXAxisLabelControls } from './demo/useDemoXAxisLabelControls'
 
 const fullChartData = createSimulatedWaveformData()
 const displayMode = ref<WaveformDisplayMode>('independent')
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ const verticalGridVisible = ref(true)
 const verticalGridColor = ref('#dfe5ef')
 const xAxisLineVisible = ref(false)
 const yAxisLineVisible = ref(false)
+const { controlModel: xAxisLabelControlModel, xAxisLabelFormatter } = useDemoXAxisLabelControls()
 const annotations = ref<WaveformAnnotation[]>([])
 const annotationsVisible = ref(true)
 const cleanView = ref(false)
@@ -112,7 +114,10 @@ const frameStyle = computed<WaveformFrameStyle>(() => ({
   backgroundColor: frameBackgroundColor.value,
 }))
 const axes = computed<WaveformAxesOptions>(() => ({
-  x: { lineVisible: xAxisLineVisible.value },
+  x: {
+    lineVisible: xAxisLineVisible.value,
+    ...(xAxisLabelFormatter.value ? { labelFormatter: xAxisLabelFormatter.value } : {}),
+  },
   y: { lineVisible: yAxisLineVisible.value },
 }))
 const zeroLine = computed<WaveformZeroLineOptions>(() => ({
@@ -308,6 +313,7 @@ const controlPanelModel = reactive({
   verticalGridColor,
   xAxisLineVisible,
   yAxisLineVisible,
+  ...xAxisLabelControlModel,
   frameBorderColor,
   frameBackgroundColor,
   frameBorderWidth,
diff --git a/src/components/core/trackLayoutBuilder.ts b/src/components/core/trackLayoutBuilder.ts
index cd3ba72..b409df5 100644
--- a/src/components/core/trackLayoutBuilder.ts
+++ b/src/components/core/trackLayoutBuilder.ts
@@ -12,8 +12,13 @@ import {
   selectSeriesRenderPoints,
   type ResolvedWaveformRenderingOptions,
 } from '../../core/rendering'
-import type { WaveformDisplayMode, WaveformOverlayMode, WaveformPoint } from '../../types'
-import { buildMinorTicks, formatEndpointTime } from '../../utils'
+import type {
+  WaveformDisplayMode,
+  WaveformOverlayMode,
+  WaveformPoint,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter,
+} from '../../types'
+import { buildMinorTicks, formatXAxisLabel } from '../../utils'
 import {
   getBottomRowCellIndexes,
   type GridCellGeometry,
@@ -45,6 +50,7 @@ export interface BuildTrackLayoutsOptions {
   fixedYDomains?: Record<string, [number, number]>
   yDomains?: Record<string, [number, number]>
   timeUnit: 's' | 'ms'
+  xAxisLabelFormatter?: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter
   rendering: ResolvedWaveformRenderingOptions
   hideSecondaryLabels: boolean
   yAxisLabelX: number
@@ -147,8 +153,20 @@ export function buildTrackLayouts(options: BuildTrackLayoutsOptions): TrackLayou
     const yAxisTickValues = yAxes[0]?.tickValues ?? []
     const domain = xScale.domain() as [number, number]
     const endpointLabels = {
-      start: formatEndpointTime(domain[0], domain, options.timeUnit),
-      end: formatEndpointTime(domain[1], domain, options.timeUnit),
+      start: formatXAxisLabel(
+        domain[0],
+        domain,
+        options.timeUnit,
+        'start',
+        options.xAxisLabelFormatter,
+      ),
+      end: formatXAxisLabel(
+        domain[1],
+        domain,
+        options.timeUnit,
+        'end',
+        options.xAxisLabelFormatter,
+      ),
     }
     const leftClearance = endpointLabels.start.length * 7 + 10
     const rightClearance = endpointLabels.end.length * 7 + 10
diff --git a/src/components/core/useWaveformLayout.ts b/src/components/core/useWaveformLayout.ts
index 3c3e45c..505fb41 100644
--- a/src/components/core/useWaveformLayout.ts
+++ b/src/components/core/useWaveformLayout.ts
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ export function useWaveformLayout(context: LayoutContext) {
             )
           : sharedYDomains.value,
       timeUnit: props.timeUnit,
+      xAxisLabelFormatter: props.axes?.x?.labelFormatter,
       rendering: renderingOptions.value,
       hideSecondaryLabels: isCleanView.value || yAxisLayout.value.hideSecondaryLabels,
       yAxisLabelX: yAxisMetrics.value.labelCenterX,
diff --git a/src/components/rendering/WaveformTrackAxes.vue b/src/components/rendering/WaveformTrackAxes.vue
index cf75adc..bcc82b1 100644
--- a/src/components/rendering/WaveformTrackAxes.vue
+++ b/src/components/rendering/WaveformTrackAxes.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { axisBottom, axisLeft, axisRight, select } from 'd3'
 import { nextTick, onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue'
 
 import type { WaveformAxesOptions } from '../../types'
-import { formatAxisTime, formatScientificAxisLabel } from '../../utils'
+import { formatScientificAxisLabel, formatXAxisLabel } from '../../utils'
 import type { DisplaySeries, TrackLayout, WaveformYAxisLayout } from '../core/types'
 
 interface Props {
@@ -66,10 +66,12 @@ function renderAxes() {
     axisBottom(props.track.xScale)
       .tickValues(props.track.xAxisTickValues)
       .tickFormat((value) =>
-        formatAxisTime(
+        formatXAxisLabel(
           Number(value),
-          props.timeUnit,
           props.track.xScale.domain() as [number, number],
+          props.timeUnit,
+          'tick',
+          props.axes?.x?.labelFormatter,
         ),
       )
       .tickSize(-4)
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ watch(
     () => props.track.xAxisTickValues,
     () => props.track.yAxisTickValues,
     () => props.timeUnit,
+    () => props.axes?.x?.labelFormatter,
     () => props.axes?.x?.lineVisible,
     () => props.axes?.y?.lineVisible,
   ],
diff --git a/src/components/waveformChartCases/frameGridAndFormatting.test.ts b/src/components/waveformChartCases/frameGridAndFormatting.test.ts
index ddfaa0f..e53913a 100644
--- a/src/components/waveformChartCases/frameGridAndFormatting.test.ts
+++ b/src/components/waveformChartCases/frameGridAndFormatting.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { flushPromises } from '@vue/test-utils'
-import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 
 import { flushAnimationFrames } from '../../test/setup'
+import type { WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter } from '../../types'
 import { type WaveformData } from '../waveform'
 
 import { gridSeries, mountSizedChart } from '../../test/waveformChart'
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ describe('WaveformChart', () => {
     expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--end').attributes('x')).toBe(
       String(trackWidth),
     )
-    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--end').text()).toBe('4990')
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--end').text()).toBe('4990.3')
     expect(wrapper.find('.waveform-chart__axis-exponent--x').exists()).toBe(false)
   })
 
@@ -267,6 +268,70 @@ describe('WaveformChart', () => {
     expect(endpointGroup.attributes('font-size')).toBe(xAxis.attributes('font-size'))
   })
 
+  it('formats X-axis ticks and endpoints with display-unit values and source context', async () => {
+    const data: WaveformData = {
+      kind: 'points',
+      points: [
+        { x: 0.125, y: 0 },
+        { x: 1.875, y: 1 },
+      ],
+    }
+    const originalPoints = data.points.map((point) => ({ ...point }))
+    const labelFormatter: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter = (value, context) =>
+      `${context.kind}:${value / 10}`
+    const formatter = vi.fn(labelFormatter)
+    const wrapper = await mountSizedChart(data, {
+      timeUnit: 'ms',
+      axes: { x: { labelFormatter: formatter } },
+    })
+
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text()).toBe('start:12.5')
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--end').text()).toBe('end:187.5')
+    expect(
+      wrapper
+        .get('.waveform-chart__axis--x')
+        .findAll('.tick text')
+        .every((tick) => tick.text().startsWith('tick:')),
+    ).toBe(true)
+
+    const startCall = formatter.mock.calls.find(([, context]) => context.kind === 'start')
+    const tickCall = formatter.mock.calls.find(([, context]) => context.kind === 'tick')
+    const endCall = formatter.mock.calls.find(([, context]) => context.kind === 'end')
+    expect(startCall).toEqual([
+      125,
+      {
+        kind: 'start',
+        rawValue: 0.125,
+        timeUnit: 'ms',
+        domain: [0.125, 1.875],
+        displayDomain: [125, 1875],
+      },
+    ])
+    expect(tickCall?.[0]).toBeTypeOf('number')
+    expect(tickCall?.[1]).toMatchObject({
+      kind: 'tick',
+      timeUnit: 'ms',
+      domain: [0.125, 1.875],
+      displayDomain: [125, 1875],
+    })
+    expect(endCall?.[1]).toMatchObject({ kind: 'end', rawValue: 1.875 })
+    expect(data.points).toEqual(originalPoints)
+
+    await wrapper.setProps({
+      axes: { x: { labelFormatter: (value: number) => `updated:${value}` } },
+    })
+    await flushPromises()
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text()).toBe('updated:125')
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--end').text()).toBe('updated:1875')
+    expect(
+      wrapper
+        .get('.waveform-chart__axis--x')
+        .findAll('.tick text')
+        .every((tick) => tick.text().startsWith('updated:')),
+    ).toBe(true)
+    expect(data.points).toEqual(originalPoints)
+  })
+
   it('keeps zoom-change domains in source seconds', async () => {
     const wrapper = await mountSizedChart({
       kind: 'points',
@@ -307,6 +372,8 @@ describe('WaveformChart', () => {
     )
     expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text()).not.toBe(initialStart)
     expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--end').text()).not.toBe(initialEnd)
-    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text()).toMatch(/^-?\d+$/)
+    expect(
+      Number.isFinite(Number(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text())),
+    ).toBe(true)
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/demo/DemoGridFrameControls.vue b/src/demo/DemoGridFrameControls.vue
index 3bb718e..f0f13f6 100644
--- a/src/demo/DemoGridFrameControls.vue
+++ b/src/demo/DemoGridFrameControls.vue
@@ -96,6 +96,76 @@ const model = defineModel<DemoControlPanelModel>('model', { required: true })
         <Switch v-model:checked="model.yAxisLineVisible" size="small" aria-label="显示纵轴线" />
       </div>
     </div>
+    <div class="x-axis-label-controls">
+      <label class="frame-style-control frame-style-control--switch">
+        <span>自定义 Label</span>
+        <Switch
+          v-model:checked="model.xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled"
+          size="small"
+          aria-label="自定义 X 轴 Label"
+        />
+      </label>
+      <label v-if="model.xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled" class="frame-style-control">
+        <span>格式类型</span>
+        <Select
+          v-model:value="model.xAxisLabelFormat"
+          :options="model.xAxisLabelFormatOptions"
+          size="small"
+          aria-label="X 轴 Label 格式类型"
+        />
+      </label>
+      <label
+        v-if="model.xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled && model.xAxisLabelFormat === 'number'"
+        class="frame-style-control"
+      >
+        <span>运算倍率</span>
+        <InputNumber
+          v-model:value="model.xAxisLabelMultiplier"
+          :min="-1000000"
+          :max="1000000"
+          :step="0.1"
+          size="small"
+          aria-label="X 轴 Label 运算倍率"
+        />
+      </label>
+      <label
+        v-if="model.xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled && model.xAxisLabelFormat === 'number'"
+        class="frame-style-control"
+      >
+        <span>小数位数</span>
+        <InputNumber
+          v-model:value="model.xAxisLabelFractionDigits"
+          :min="0"
+          :max="12"
+          :step="1"
+          size="small"
+          aria-label="X 轴 Label 小数位数"
+        />
+      </label>
+      <label
+        v-if="model.xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled && model.xAxisLabelFormat === 'datetime'"
+        class="frame-style-control"
+      >
+        <span>时区</span>
+        <Select
+          v-model:value="model.xAxisLabelTimeZone"
+          :options="model.xAxisLabelTimeZoneOptions"
+          size="small"
+          aria-label="X 轴 Label 时区"
+        />
+      </label>
+      <label
+        v-if="model.xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled && model.xAxisLabelFormat === 'datetime'"
+        class="frame-style-control frame-style-control--switch"
+      >
+        <span>显示毫秒</span>
+        <Switch
+          v-model:checked="model.xAxisLabelShowMilliseconds"
+          size="small"
+          aria-label="X 轴 Label 显示毫秒"
+        />
+      </label>
+    </div>
   </section>
   <section class="control-section">
     <h2>图框样式</h2>
diff --git a/src/demo/types.ts b/src/demo/types.ts
index d526f71..8cc3b67 100644
--- a/src/demo/types.ts
+++ b/src/demo/types.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import type {
   WaveformZeroLineOptions,
   WaveformZoomEndPayload,
 } from '../components'
+import type { DemoXAxisLabelFormat, DemoXAxisLabelTimeZone } from './useDemoXAxisLabelControls'
 
 interface SelectOption<T> {
   label: string
@@ -44,6 +45,14 @@ export interface DemoControlPanelModel {
   verticalGridColor: string
   xAxisLineVisible: boolean
   yAxisLineVisible: boolean
+  xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled: boolean
+  xAxisLabelFormat: DemoXAxisLabelFormat
+  xAxisLabelFormatOptions: Array<SelectOption<DemoXAxisLabelFormat>>
+  xAxisLabelMultiplier: number
+  xAxisLabelFractionDigits: number
+  xAxisLabelTimeZone: DemoXAxisLabelTimeZone
+  xAxisLabelTimeZoneOptions: Array<SelectOption<DemoXAxisLabelTimeZone>>
+  xAxisLabelShowMilliseconds: boolean
   frameBorderColor: string
   frameBackgroundColor: string
   frameBorderWidth: number
diff --git a/src/demo/useDemoXAxisLabelControls.ts b/src/demo/useDemoXAxisLabelControls.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06221e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/demo/useDemoXAxisLabelControls.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { computed, ref } from 'vue'
+
+import type { WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter } from '../types'
+
+export type DemoXAxisLabelFormat = 'number' | 'datetime'
+export type DemoXAxisLabelTimeZone = 'local' | 'Asia/Shanghai' | 'UTC'
+
+const formatOptions = [
+  { label: '数值', value: 'number' as const },
+  { label: '固定时间', value: 'datetime' as const },
+]
+const timeZoneOptions = [
+  { label: '中国标准时间', value: 'Asia/Shanghai' as const },
+  { label: '本地时区', value: 'local' as const },
+  { label: 'UTC', value: 'UTC' as const },
+]
+
+function pad(value: number, length = 2): string {
+  return String(value).padStart(length, '0')
+}
+
+export function formatDemoTimestamp(
+  value: number,
+  timeZone: DemoXAxisLabelTimeZone,
+  showMilliseconds: boolean,
+): string {
+  const offset = timeZone === 'Asia/Shanghai' ? 8 * 60 * 60 * 1000 : 0
+  const date = new Date(value + offset)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(date.getTime())) return String(value)
+
+  const useUtcFields = timeZone !== 'local'
+  const year = useUtcFields ? date.getUTCFullYear() : date.getFullYear()
+  const month = (useUtcFields ? date.getUTCMonth() : date.getMonth()) + 1
+  const day = useUtcFields ? date.getUTCDate() : date.getDate()
+  const hours = useUtcFields ? date.getUTCHours() : date.getHours()
+  const minutes = useUtcFields ? date.getUTCMinutes() : date.getMinutes()
+  const seconds = useUtcFields ? date.getUTCSeconds() : date.getSeconds()
+  const milliseconds = useUtcFields ? date.getUTCMilliseconds() : date.getMilliseconds()
+  const suffix = showMilliseconds ? `.${pad(milliseconds, 3)}` : ''
+  return `${year}-${pad(month)}-${pad(day)} ${pad(hours)}:${pad(minutes)}:${pad(seconds)}${suffix}`
+}
+
+export function useDemoXAxisLabelControls() {
+  const xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled = ref(false)
+  const xAxisLabelFormat = ref<DemoXAxisLabelFormat>('number')
+  const xAxisLabelMultiplier = ref(1)
+  const xAxisLabelFractionDigits = ref(3)
+  const xAxisLabelTimeZone = ref<DemoXAxisLabelTimeZone>('Asia/Shanghai')
+  const xAxisLabelShowMilliseconds = ref(false)
+  const xAxisLabelFormatter = computed<WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter | undefined>(() => {
+    if (!xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled.value) return undefined
+    if (xAxisLabelFormat.value === 'datetime') {
+      return (value) =>
+        formatDemoTimestamp(value, xAxisLabelTimeZone.value, xAxisLabelShowMilliseconds.value)
+    }
+
+    const multiplier = Number.isFinite(xAxisLabelMultiplier.value) ? xAxisLabelMultiplier.value : 1
+    const fractionDigits = Number.isFinite(xAxisLabelFractionDigits.value)
+      ? Math.min(12, Math.max(0, Math.trunc(xAxisLabelFractionDigits.value)))
+      : 0
+    return (value) => (value * multiplier).toFixed(fractionDigits)
+  })
+
+  return {
+    controlModel: {
+      xAxisLabelFormatterEnabled,
+      xAxisLabelFormat,
+      xAxisLabelFormatOptions: formatOptions,
+      xAxisLabelMultiplier,
+      xAxisLabelFractionDigits,
+      xAxisLabelTimeZone,
+      xAxisLabelTimeZoneOptions: timeZoneOptions,
+      xAxisLabelShowMilliseconds,
+    },
+    xAxisLabelFormatter,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/demo/xAxisLabelControls.test.ts b/src/demo/xAxisLabelControls.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d278954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/demo/xAxisLabelControls.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { flushPromises, mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
+import { InputNumber, Select } from 'ant-design-vue'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+
+import App from '../App.vue'
+import { WaveformChart } from '../components'
+import { formatDemoTimestamp } from './useDemoXAxisLabelControls'
+
+describe('X-axis label demo controls', () => {
+  it('formats timestamps in fixed UTC and China-standard-time formats', () => {
+    expect(formatDemoTimestamp(0, 'UTC', false)).toBe('1970-01-01 00:00:00')
+    expect(formatDemoTimestamp(123, 'UTC', true)).toBe('1970-01-01 00:00:00.123')
+    expect(formatDemoTimestamp(0, 'Asia/Shanghai', false)).toBe('1970-01-01 08:00:00')
+    expect(formatDemoTimestamp(Number.NaN, 'UTC', false)).toBe('NaN')
+  })
+
+  it('configures numeric and timestamp labels from the sidebar', async () => {
+    const wrapper = mount(App)
+    await flushPromises()
+    const chart = wrapper.getComponent(WaveformChart)
+
+    expect(chart.props('axes')).toEqual({
+      x: { lineVisible: false },
+      y: { lineVisible: false },
+    })
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="自定义 X 轴 Label"]').exists()).toBe(true)
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 运算倍率"]').exists()).toBe(false)
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 小数位数"]').exists()).toBe(false)
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 格式类型"]').exists()).toBe(false)
+
+    await wrapper.get('[aria-label="自定义 X 轴 Label"]').trigger('click')
+    await flushPromises()
+    const inputNumbers = wrapper.findAllComponents(InputNumber)
+    const multiplierInput = inputNumbers.find((input) =>
+      input.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 运算倍率"]').exists(),
+    )
+    const fractionDigitsInput = inputNumbers.find((input) =>
+      input.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 小数位数"]').exists(),
+    )
+    expect(multiplierInput).toBeDefined()
+    expect(fractionDigitsInput).toBeDefined()
+    expect(multiplierInput?.props('value')).toBe(1)
+    expect(fractionDigitsInput?.props('value')).toBe(3)
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text()).toMatch(/\.000$/)
+
+    multiplierInput?.vm.$emit('update:value', 2)
+    fractionDigitsInput?.vm.$emit('update:value', 2)
+    await flushPromises()
+    const formatter = chart.props('axes')?.x?.labelFormatter
+    expect(formatter).toBeTypeOf('function')
+    expect(formatter?.(1.234, {} as never)).toBe('2.47')
+    expect(wrapper.get('.waveform-chart__axis-endpoint--start').text()).toMatch(/\.00$/)
+
+    const formatSelect = wrapper
+      .findAllComponents(Select)
+      .find((select) => select.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 格式类型"]').exists())
+    expect(formatSelect?.props('value')).toBe('number')
+    formatSelect?.vm.$emit('update:value', 'datetime')
+    await flushPromises()
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 运算倍率"]').exists()).toBe(false)
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 小数位数"]').exists()).toBe(false)
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 时区"]').exists()).toBe(true)
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 显示毫秒"]').exists()).toBe(true)
+    expect(chart.props('axes')?.x?.labelFormatter?.(0, {} as never)).toBe('1970-01-01 08:00:00')
+
+    await wrapper.get('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 显示毫秒"]').trigger('click')
+    await flushPromises()
+    expect(chart.props('axes')?.x?.labelFormatter?.(123, {} as never)).toBe(
+      '1970-01-01 08:00:00.123',
+    )
+    const timeZoneSelect = wrapper
+      .findAllComponents(Select)
+      .find((select) => select.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 时区"]').exists())
+    timeZoneSelect?.vm.$emit('update:value', 'UTC')
+    await flushPromises()
+    expect(chart.props('axes')?.x?.labelFormatter?.(123, {} as never)).toBe(
+      '1970-01-01 00:00:00.123',
+    )
+
+    await wrapper.get('[aria-label="自定义 X 轴 Label"]').trigger('click')
+    await flushPromises()
+    expect(chart.props('axes')?.x?.labelFormatter).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(wrapper.find('[aria-label="X 轴 Label 运算倍率"]').exists()).toBe(false)
+    wrapper.unmount()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 67962d6..4cd8b7f 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ export type {
   WaveformLegendOrientation,
   WaveformLegendOptions,
   WaveformFrameStyle,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelKind,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelFormatterContext,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter,
   WaveformAxesOptions,
   WaveformZeroLineOptions,
   // 数据类型
diff --git a/src/styles.css b/src/styles.css
index 25b7dd3..ac3feac 100644
--- a/src/styles.css
+++ b/src/styles.css
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@ body {
   grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
 }
 
+.x-axis-label-controls {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+  margin-top: 12px;
+  padding-top: 12px;
+  border-top: 1px solid #eaecf0;
+}
+
 .grid-line-color-picker,
 .grid-line-color-picker .vc-color-wrap {
   width: 48px;
diff --git a/src/types/chart.ts b/src/types/chart.ts
index a64ff08..68cb48d 100644
--- a/src/types/chart.ts
+++ b/src/types/chart.ts
@@ -121,10 +121,31 @@ export interface WaveformFrameStyle {
   backgroundColor?: string
 }
 
+export type WaveformXAxisLabelKind = 'tick' | 'start' | 'end'
+
+/** Context passed to custom X-axis label formatters. */
+export interface WaveformXAxisLabelFormatterContext {
+  kind: WaveformXAxisLabelKind
+  /** X coordinate in the source data, before time-unit conversion. */
+  rawValue: number
+  timeUnit: 's' | 'ms'
+  /** Current visible X domain in source coordinates. */
+  domain: [number, number]
+  /** Current visible X domain converted to the selected display unit. */
+  displayDomain: [number, number]
+}
+
+export type WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter = (
+  value: number,
+  context: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatterContext,
+) => string
+
 /** Controls axis baseline visibility while preserving tick marks and axis text. */
 export interface WaveformAxesOptions {
   x?: {
     lineVisible?: boolean
+    /** Formats display-unit X values for ticks and visible-range endpoints. */
+    labelFormatter?: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter
   }
   y?: {
     lineVisible?: boolean
diff --git a/src/types/index.ts b/src/types/index.ts
index 91c3bfc..0adc13b 100644
--- a/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/types/index.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ export type {
   WaveformLegendOrientation,
   WaveformLegendOptions,
   WaveformFrameStyle,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelKind,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelFormatterContext,
+  WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter,
   WaveformAxesOptions,
   WaveformZeroLineOptions,
 } from './chart'
diff --git a/src/utils/formatters.test.ts b/src/utils/formatters.test.ts
index 7115034..d2a234d 100644
--- a/src/utils/formatters.test.ts
+++ b/src/utils/formatters.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 
+import type { WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter, WaveformXAxisLabelFormatterContext } from '../types'
 import {
   formatAnnotationTime,
   formatAxisTime,
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   formatScientificAxisLabel,
   formatTooltipNumber,
   formatTooltipTime,
+  formatXAxisLabel,
   resolveScientificAxisExponent,
   shouldUseScientificAxisLabel,
 } from './formatters'
@@ -55,20 +57,50 @@ describe('waveform number formatters', () => {
     expect(formatScientificAxisExponent(0, 0)).toBeNull()
   })
 
-  it('formats X-axis ticks and endpoints as plain integers in the selected display unit', () => {
+  it('formats X-axis ticks and endpoints as complete plain values in the display unit', () => {
     const domain: [number, number] = [0, 1]
-    expect(formatAxisTime(0.5004, 'ms', domain)).toBe('500')
+    expect(formatAxisTime(0.5004, 'ms', domain)).toBe('500.4')
     expect(formatEndpointTime(1, domain, 'ms')).toBe('1000')
-    expect(formatAxisTime(0.5, 's', domain)).toBe('1')
+    expect(formatAxisTime(0.5, 's', domain)).toBe('0.5')
     expect(formatEndpointTime(1, domain, 's')).toBe('1')
 
     const tinyDomain: [number, number] = [0, 0.000001]
-    expect(formatEndpointTime(0.000001, tinyDomain, 's')).toBe('0')
-    expect(formatAxisTime(-0.000001, 's', tinyDomain)).toBe('0')
+    expect(formatEndpointTime(0.000001, tinyDomain, 's')).toBe('0.000001')
+    expect(formatAxisTime(-0.000001, 's', tinyDomain)).toBe('-0.000001')
+    expect(formatAxisTime(-0, 's')).toBe('0')
     expect(formatAxisTime(1e21, 's')).toBe('1000000000000000000000')
     expect(formatAxisTime(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 's')).toBe('Infinity')
   })
 
+  it('passes display values and complete source context to X-axis label formatters', () => {
+    const domain: [number, number] = [0.125, 1.875]
+    const formatter: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter = (value, context) =>
+      `${context.kind}:${value / 10}`
+
+    expect(formatXAxisLabel(0.5, domain, 'ms', 'tick', formatter)).toBe('tick:50')
+    expect(formatXAxisLabel(domain[0], domain, 'ms', 'start', formatter)).toBe('start:12.5')
+    expect(formatXAxisLabel(domain[1], domain, 'ms', 'end', formatter)).toBe('end:187.5')
+
+    let receivedContext: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatterContext | undefined
+    formatXAxisLabel(0.5, domain, 'ms', 'tick', (value, context) => {
+      receivedContext = context
+      return String(value)
+    })
+    expect(receivedContext).toEqual({
+      kind: 'tick',
+      rawValue: 0.5,
+      timeUnit: 'ms',
+      domain: [0.125, 1.875],
+      displayDomain: [125, 1875],
+    })
+
+    expect(() =>
+      formatXAxisLabel(0.5, domain, 's', 'tick', () => {
+        throw new Error('formatter failed')
+      }),
+    ).toThrow('formatter failed')
+  })
+
   it('formats tooltip and raw values for their display contexts', () => {
     expect(formatTooltipNumber(12345.67891)).toBe('12,345.6789')
     expect(formatTooltipNumber(-0)).toBe('0')
diff --git a/src/utils/formatters.ts b/src/utils/formatters.ts
index 70d8b4d..076aff9 100644
--- a/src/utils/formatters.ts
+++ b/src/utils/formatters.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter, WaveformXAxisLabelKind } from '../types'
+
 /**
  * 时间单位类型
  */
@@ -22,10 +24,6 @@ const Y_AXIS_NUMBER_FORMATTER = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN', {
 const TOOLTIP_NUMBER_FORMATTER = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN', {
   maximumFractionDigits: 4,
 })
-const X_AXIS_TIME_FORMATTER = new Intl.NumberFormat('zh-CN', {
-  maximumFractionDigits: 0,
-  useGrouping: false,
-})
 
 function formatFixedNumber(value: number, precision: number): string {
   const formatted = value.toFixed(Math.max(0, precision))
@@ -103,13 +101,6 @@ export function formatTooltipNumber(value: number): string {
   return TOOLTIP_NUMBER_FORMATTER.format(value)
 }
 
-/** Format an X-axis time value as a plain integer without grouping separators. */
-function formatAxisTimeValue(value: number): string {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return String(value)
-  const formatted = X_AXIS_TIME_FORMATTER.format(value)
-  return formatted === '-0' ? '0' : formatted
-}
-
 /** Convert a number to complete plain decimal text without forcing exponential notation. */
 export function formatPlainNumber(value: number): string {
   if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return String(value)
@@ -143,6 +134,26 @@ export function displayTime(value: number, timeUnit: TimeUnit): number {
   return timeUnit === 'ms' ? value * 1000 : value
 }
 
+/** Format an X-axis value without changing its source coordinate. */
+export function formatXAxisLabel(
+  rawValue: number,
+  domain: [number, number],
+  timeUnit: TimeUnit,
+  kind: WaveformXAxisLabelKind,
+  formatter?: WaveformXAxisLabelFormatter,
+): string {
+  const value = displayTime(rawValue, timeUnit)
+  if (!formatter) return formatPlainNumber(value)
+
+  return formatter(value, {
+    kind,
+    rawValue,
+    timeUnit,
+    domain: [domain[0], domain[1]],
+    displayDomain: [displayTime(domain[0], timeUnit), displayTime(domain[1], timeUnit)],
+  })
+}
+
 /**
  * 计算端点标签的小数位数
  * @param domain 数据域 [最小值, 最大值]
@@ -158,7 +169,7 @@ export function endpointFractionDigits(domain: [number, number], timeUnit: TimeU
 }
 
 /**
- * 将 X 轴端点时间格式化为当前显示单位下的普通整数
+ * 将 X 轴端点时间格式化为当前显示单位下的普通十进制文本
  * @param value 时间值（秒）
  * @param _domain 数据域（为保持现有调用签名而保留）
  * @param timeUnit 时间单位
@@ -169,11 +180,11 @@ export function formatEndpointTime(
   _domain: [number, number],
   timeUnit: TimeUnit,
 ): string {
-  return formatAxisTimeValue(displayTime(value, timeUnit))
+  return formatXAxisLabel(value, _domain, timeUnit, 'end')
 }
 
 /**
- * 将 X 轴时间刻度格式化为当前显示单位下的普通整数
+ * 将 X 轴时间刻度格式化为当前显示单位下的普通十进制文本
  * @param value 时间值（秒）
  * @param timeUnit 时间单位
  * @param _domain 数据域（为保持现有调用签名而保留）
@@ -184,8 +195,7 @@ export function formatAxisTime(
   timeUnit: TimeUnit,
   _domain?: [number, number],
 ): string {
-  void _domain
-  return formatAxisTimeValue(displayTime(value, timeUnit))
+  return formatXAxisLabel(value, _domain ?? [value, value], timeUnit, 'tick')
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/utils/index.ts b/src/utils/index.ts
index cba43f1..cd98522 100644
--- a/src/utils/index.ts
+++ b/src/utils/index.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export {
   endpointFractionDigits,
   formatEndpointTime,
   formatAxisTime,
+  formatXAxisLabel,
   formatTooltipTime,
   formatAnnotationTime,
   formatPlainNumber,